2) Discuss the scales of measurement and how each applies to selection of appropriate research methods. Further, discuss the issues of continuous vs. discrete (and dichotomous) variables and what impact that dimension has on selection of appropriate statistical methods.
3) Discuss the properties of the normal curve and the concepts of z-scores, area under the curve and percentiles. How are these concepts useful to counselors?
4) Discuss the process of hypothesis testing in inferential statistics. In your discussion, be sure to address the relevant issues, such as what is it that we attempt to do with this process, what criteria do we use to make sure that we make reasonable assumptions, what kind of errors we can make, what is the meaning of the alpha and beta levels, etc.
5) Discuss methods of carrying out group differences analysis with one factor (non-repeated measures). Provide examples of IVs and DVs, and what scales of measurement are used for both variables. What are the parametric and non-parametric techniques when there are only two levels of the factor? What are the choices when there are more than two levels? Be sure to also discuss the assumptions that must be observed when selecting parametric or non-parametric techniques to investigate this research question, and the benefits and drawbacks of both types of techniques.
6) Discuss methods of carrying out repeated-measures group differences analysis with one factor. Provide examples of IVs and DVs, and what scales of measurement are used for both variables. What are the parametric and non-parametric techniques when there are only two levels of the factor? What are the choices when there are more than two levels? Be sure to also discuss the assumptions that must be observed when selecting parametric or non-parametric techniques to investigate this research question, and the benefits and drawbacks of both types of techniques.
7) Discuss methods of carrying out group differences analysis with multiple factors. Provide examples of IVs and DVs, and what scales of measurement are used for both variables. What are the parametric and non-parametric techniques when all are independent group factors? What are the choices when one of the factors is time? Be sure to also discuss the assumptions that must be observed when selecting parametric or non-parametric techniques to investigate
this research question, and the benefits and drawbacks of both types of techniques.
8) In experimental research, when a researcher is faced with a “nuisance variable” (that is a variable that affects a variable under study in some unpredictable way), the researcher generally has three methods of handling this “nuisance variable.” Discuss the three major ways of handling nuisance variables and the pros and cons of each of those methods.
9) Describe the concept of correlation, and how both parametric and non-parametric approaches investigate correlational relationships between variables. Your discussion must show evidence of understanding of the assumptions that must be met to use both types of techniques. Then discuss parametric and non-parametric techniques of investigating correlation between variables, and point out what types of research questions/types of variables each technique is able to investigate.
10) Discuss the similarities and differences between multiple regression and discriminant function analysis. Point out whether these are parametric or non-parametric techniques, and what the relevant assumptions are to use them. Then, provide examples of research questions for which both techniques are appropriate. Your discussion must show evidence of IV/DV variables and what scales of measurements must be utilized with the IVs/DVs for both techniques. CLICK HERE FOR MORE ON THIS TOPIC
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